The GreatCollections Coin and Paper Money Glossary
This is a popular resource that explains hundreds of coin related terms, as well as terms relating to our coin auctions. Of course, if you have questions about anything, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Select a letter below to view the GreatCollections Glossary, or use the search box to the right.
Acronym
An abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a phrase or organization, commonly used in numismatic literature.
Adjustment Marks
Shallow file marks on the surface of a coin made during the minting process to adjust its weight or size.
Album Page
A sheet of paper or plastic designed to hold and display individual coins within a coin album.
Alloy Coin
A coin made of a mixture of metals, typically to improve durability or reduce production costs.
Alloy Testing
The process of determining the composition of metals used in a coin through chemical analysis or X-ray fluorescence.
Altered Surface
An "Altered Surface" on a coin refers to any modification made to its original surface post-minting, such as polishing, cleaning, or chemical treatment, which can negatively impact its numismatic value and authenticity.
American Numismatic Association (ANA)
A nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the study and collection of coins, currency, and related items. GreatCollections is the official auctioneer of the ANA and supports all of their initiatives to expand the hobby.
ANACS
ANACS (American Numismatic Association Certification Service), is considered one of the oldest coin grading entity in the United States. They authenticate and evaluate coins for quality, sealing them with a certified grade in tamper-evident holders. ANACS began grading coins in March of 1979, although the company was founded in 1972 as the American Numismatic Association's authentication service. ANACS coins can only be listed at GreatCollections with a $1 minimum bid (ie. unreserved).
Ancient Coin
A coin produced in antiquity, typically before the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
Ancient Greek Coin
Coins minted by ancient Greek city-states and kingdoms, known for their artistic designs and historical significance.
Ancient Roman Coin
Coins minted by the Roman Republic and Empire minted by the Roman Republic and Empire, spanning several centuries and reflecting the political and cultural changes of the time.
Antiquities Act
A U.S. federal law enacted in 1906 that regulates the excavation and collection of archaeological artifacts, including coins.
Art Medal
A type of medal often designed by artists and struck in limited quantities, primarily for collectors.
Artificial Toning (Questionable Color)
Artificial toning involves intentionally altering the surface color of a coin to mimic the natural aging process, often to enhance its aesthetic appeal or market value, but it can be controversial among collectors and graders and might render a coin ungradable and diminish its value.
As Struck
Refers to a coin that has never been circulated or mishandled, retaining its original condition as when it was minted.
Attributed
A coin that has been identified and cataloged with specific characteristics or variations.
Auction House
A company or organization that facilitates the buying and selling of coins through a bidding process. GreatCollections is the best auction house that specializes in coins and paper money, but I guess we're bias. Our fee structure is the lowest for buyers and sellers, and our auctions every Sunday feature thousands of coins ranging in value from $10 up to $1 million plus. To find out more, visit Selling through GreatCollections or Register to Bid.
Authentication
The process of verifying the authenticity of a coin, often performed by experts or third-party grading services.
Authenticity Guarantee
Each of the leading grading services offers authenticity guarantees on coins, including PCGS, CAC, NGC and ANACS.
Aztec Currency
Various forms of currency used by the Aztec civilization, including cocoa beans, copper axes, and quachtli (cotton cloth strips).
Bag Mark
A small abrasion or scratch on a coin caused by contact with other coins during storage or transport.
Bag of Coins
A quantity of coins packaged together, often containing a specific denomination or type, such as a bag of silver dollars or a bag of mixed foreign coins.
Banknote
Paper currency issued by a central bank or government authority for use as legal tender in a particular country or region.
Banknote Grading
The process of evaluating and assigning a grade to paper currency based on its condition, rarity, and other factors. Three of the leading grading services that GreatCollections accepts is PCGS Banknote, PMG and Legacy Grading.
Banknote Society
An organization or club dedicated to the study, collection, and appreciation of paper currency from around the world.
Barber Coinage
A series of U.S. coins designed by Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber and minted from 1892 to 1916, featuring Liberty and other allegorical figures.
Barber Half Dollar
A U.S. half dollar coin designed by Charles E. Barber and minted from 1892 to 1915, featuring Liberty on the obverse and an eagle on the reverse. Search upcoming Barber Half Dollars in Auction or you can research prices and images of thousands of Barber Half Dollars that sold at GreatCollections in our Auction Archive.
Barter Token
A token or coin used in place of currency for trading goods and services, often issued by merchants or businesses.
Base Metal
Non-precious metals used in the production of coins, such as copper, nickel, zinc, and aluminum.
Bezel
A metal frame or setting used to display and protect a coin, often used in jewelry or as a pendant.
Bi-metallic Coin
A token, coin, or medal composed of two different metals, often used for commemorative purposes or as currency substitutes.
Blank Planchet
A coin blank before it has been struck by dies, typically made of metal and prepared for the minting process. Sometimes graded/certified.
Bourse
A marketplace or trading floor where coins, precious metals, and other collectibles are bought, sold, and traded.
Bourse Floor
The physical location where dealers and collectors gather to buy, sell, and trade coins and other numismatic items at a coin show or convention.
Bracteate
A thin, single-sided medieval coin struck on a thin flan with an intricate design, often pierced for suspension or decoration.
Branch Mint (BM)
The "BM" designation on PCGS-graded coins highlights rare proofs struck at branch mints, a practice uncommon before 1968 when proof production was primarily at the Philadelphia Mint, emphasizing their historical significance and rarity.
Brilliant Uncirculated (BU)
A term used to describe coins that have never been in circulation and retain their original mint luster and condition.
Bronze Coin
A coin primarily made of bronze, typically composed of copper and tin, valued for its durability and historical significance.
Bullion Coin
A coin struck from precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, or palladium, primarily valued for its metal content rather than its face value.
Bullion Dealer
A business or individual that buys and sells precious metals, including coins, bars, and rounds, primarily for investment purposes.
Bullion Market
The global marketplace for buying and selling precious metals, including gold, silver, platinum, and palladium, in various forms such as coins, bars, and ingots.
Bullion Reserve
A stockpile of precious metals held by governments, financial institutions, or individuals as a store of value or investment.
Business Strike
Coins produced for general circulation, as opposed to proof coins or special editions intended for collectors.
Bust Dollar
Early U.S. silver dollars featuring the bust of Liberty on the obverse, minted from 1794 to 1803.
Byzantine Coin
Coins minted by the Byzantine Empire, characterized by intricate designs and a long history spanning over a thousand years.
CAC (Stickering Service)
CAC, or Certified Acceptance Corporation, is a numismatic service founded by John Albanese that places a sticker on coins they deem to meet their own quality standards. CAC's quality standards focuses on eye appeal, originality and technical details of the coin. The Green Bean - or Green CAC sticker denotes the coin meets CAC's standard, while a Gold CAC sticker denotes a coin that CAC believes is undergraded in today's numismatic market.
CACG (CAC Grading)
CAC Grading, launched in 2022 by the Certified Acceptance Corporation (CAC), applies rigorous standards to coin grading, aiming to enhance market confidence by distinguishing coins of superior quality within their grade.
Cameo
A term used to describe proof coins with frosted design elements contrasted against mirrored fields.
Capped Bust Coinage
A series of U.S. coins designed by John Reich and William Kneass, featuring Liberty with a Phrygian cap on the obverse and various motifs on the reverse.
Carson City Mint
A branch of the United States Mint located in Carson City, Nevada, known for producing coins, including Morgan silver dollars, from 1870 to 1893.
Central States
The Central States Numismatic Society (CSNS) is a significant numismatic organization founded in 1939, covering a 13-state region in the Midwest but open to members from all locations. It hosts an annual convention featuring a large bourse area, auctions, educational seminars, and exhibits, making it a key event for coin collectors and dealers across the United States.
Certified Coin
A coin that has been authenticated, graded, and encapsulated by a reputable third-party grading service, providing assurance of its authenticity and condition.
Cleaned
A "cleaned" coin refers to one that has been subjected to physical or chemical processes to remove tarnish or debris, which can often diminish its numismatic value by altering its original surface characteristics.
Coin Auction
A public sale of coins and numismatic items to the highest bidder, often conducted by auction houses or online platforms. GreatCollections is the best auction house.
Coin Cabinet
A specialized piece of furniture or storage unit designed to store and display coin collections, often equipped with drawers, trays, and protective compartments.
Coin Exchange
A marketplace or platform where collectors and dealers buy, sell, and trade coins, often facilitated by online forums, auctions, or social media groups.
Coin Flip
A small, transparent plastic holder used to temporarily store and protect individual coins, typically used for handling and examination.
Coin Inventory
A detailed record or list of coins owned by a collector, including descriptions, quantities, values, and other relevant information.
Coin Jewelry
Jewelry made from coins, often incorporating coins as pendants, charms, cufflinks, or other decorative elements.
Coin Photography
The art and technique of photographing coins to accurately capture their details, surfaces, and features for documentation, appraisal, or publication.
Coin Roll Hunting
The practice of searching through rolls of coins, typically obtained from banks or financial institutions, in search of valuable or rare coins.
Coin Show
An event where coin dealers, collectors, and enthusiasts gather to buy, sell, trade, and display coins and numismatic items.
Coin Slab
A hard plastic holder used to encapsulate and protect graded coins, providing authentication, preservation, and display capabilities.
Coin Vault
A secure storage facility or compartment used to safeguard valuable or rare coins, often equipped with advanced security features and climate control.
Coin Wrapper
A paper or plastic tube used to package and roll coins for storage, transport, or distribution, typically labeled with denomination and quantity information.
Coin Yearbook
An annual publication providing information, pricing, and trends in the coin collecting hobby, often featuring articles, illustrations, and reference data.
Coin Ziplock
A transparent plastic bag or pouch used to store and protect individual coins, typically used for temporary storage, handling, or transport.
Coinage Act
Legislation enacted by governments to regulate the production, distribution, and standardization of coins used as legal tender.
Coinage Metal
Metals used in the production of coins, including gold, silver, copper, nickel, zinc, and platinum, valued for their durability, conductivity, and other properties.
Commemorative Coin
A coin issued to commemorate a specific event, person, place, or anniversary, often featuring unique designs and limited mintages.
Commemorative Token
A token or medal issued to commemorate a specific event, person, or organization, often featuring unique designs and limited mintages.
Copper Coin
A coin primarily made of copper, valued for its conductivity, corrosion resistance, and historical significance.
Copper Nickel
A metallic alloy composed of copper and nickel, commonly used in the production of coins, particularly for circulation coinage.
Counterfeit
A fake or imitation coin intended to deceive collectors or defraud individuals by imitating genuine currency.
Counterstamp
An additional mark or stamp applied to a coin after it has been minted, often to denote authenticity, ownership, or commemoration.
Dansco Album
A brand of coin albums known for their high-quality, archival-safe materials and comprehensive coverage of various coin series and denominations.
Die
A coin die is a hardened metal stamp used in a coining press to imprint designs onto blank metal pieces, producing coins.
Die Adjustment
The process of modifying or altering a coin die a coin die to correct imperfections, defects, or irregularities, typically performed by skilled craftsmen or engravers. Some examples of "adjustment strikes" have made it out of the mint.
Die Alignment
The positioning of obverse and reverse dies relative to each other during the minting process, affecting the orientation of design elements on the coin.
Die Chip
A small piece or fragment of a coin die that breaks off or becomes embedded in the surface of a coin during the minting process, resulting in a raised bump or anomaly.
Die Clash
A coin error caused by the collision of obverse and reverse dies without a planchet between them, resulting in impressions or marks from one die onto the other.
Die Crack (Die Break)
A raised line or ridge on a coin caused by a crack or break in the die used to strike the coin, resulting in an irregularity or anomaly in the design.
Die Erosion
The gradual wearing down or deterioration of the surface of a coin die over time, resulting in diminished sharpness or clarity of design elements.
Die Mark
A raised area or indentation on a coin caused by damage or deformation of the die used to strike the coin, resulting in an anomaly or irregularity in the design.
Die Pair
A set of obverse and reverse dies used together to strike a specific coin design, typically identified by die characteristics and shared features.
Die Rotation
A coin error caused by a misalignment or rotation of one or both dies during the minting process, resulting in an off-center or misaligned design on the coin.
Die Rust
A form of corrosion or oxidation that occurs on the surface of a coin die, resulting in pitting, discoloration, or roughness, affecting the quality and appearance of coins struck with that die.
Die State
The condition or stage of a coin die in its lifecycle, including stages of use, wear, and deterioration, affecting the appearance and quality of coins struck with that die.
Die Subsidence
The sinking or collapse of a portion of a coin die, resulting in a depression or indentation in the surface of the coin, typically caused by wear or damage.
Die Trial
A test striking of a coin die to assess its quality, condition, or suitability for production, often performed with experimental materials or under different conditions.
Die Variety
A distinct version of a coin caused by differences in die pairs, resulting in variations in design, lettering, or other features.
Die Wear
The gradual erosion or deterioration of the surface of a coin die over time, resulting from repeated strikes and contact with planchets, affecting the quality and appearance of coins struck with that die.
Dipping (Dip)
Coin dipping involves immersing a coin in a mild acidic solution to enhance its appearance by removing tarnish, but it risks altering the coin's original surface and decreasing its value.
Disme
The "Disme" was an early American coin equivalent to one-tenth of a dollar, a precursor to the modern dime, reflecting the nation's nascent coinage system in the late 18th century.
Double Denomination
A coin error caused by being struck with dies intended for two different denominations, resulting in a coin with features of both denominations.
Double Die
A coin error caused by a misalignment of the dies during the minting process, resulting in doubled or overlapping design elements on the coin.
Double Struck
A coin error caused by being struck more than once by the dies, resulting in overlapping or doubled design elements on the coin.
Dull (Lack-Luster)
A coin that lacks the shiny, lusterous surface typical of newly minted coins, often indicating wear or exposure to elements that diminish its visual appeal or a weak strike.
eBay
eBay is a platform that allows anyone to post items for sale. As a result, there are many fake or misleading listings on eBay, and is one of the reasons why GreatCollections has grown so much over the past decade. Many people believe eBay guarantees the coins and paper money listed on eBay, but buyers are usually out of luck, as the "eBay Buyer Protection" is extremely limited. As of April 2024, eBay is not a member of the PNG and does not adhere to the PNG Code of Ethics.
Edge
The outer border or rim of a coin, often featuring raised lettering, reeding, or other security features.
Edge Lettering
Inscriptions or designs on the edge of a coin, used for security or aesthetic purposes.
Eisenhower Dollar
A U.S. dollar coin issued from 1971 to 1978, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower on the obverse and various designs on the reverse.
Electrum Coin
An ancient coin made from a natural alloy of gold and silver, often used in ancient Greece and Lydia.
Encapsulated Coin
A coin that has been authenticated, graded, and encapsulated by a reputable third-party grading service, providing protection and assurance of its authenticity and condition.
Encased Coin
A coin placed in a protective holder or enclosure, often with advertising or promotional messages, serving as a form of souvenir or keepsake.
Environmental Damage
Damage or deterioration to a coin caused by exposure to environmental factors such as air, moisture, or chemicals, resulting in discoloration, corrosion, or tarnish.
Exergue
The space below the main design on a coin, often used for mint marks, dates, or other inscriptions.
Face Value
The value of a coin as stated by the issuing authority, often denoted on the obverse of the coin.
Fine
A grading term used to describe the condition of a coin with moderate wear and visible detail remaining.
First Spouse Gold Coin
A series of gold coins issued by the United States Mint from 2007 to 2020, featuring the spouses of U.S. presidents on the obverse. This series was initially very popular, but then interest declined a few years later. The U.S. Mint responded by lowering the mintages dramatically. Some of the keys (going by lowest mintage) include the 2014-W Eleanor Roosevelt in business strike and proof, as well as the 2011-W Lucy Hayes business strike.
Flip
A small, transparent plastic holder used to temporarily store and protect individual coins, typically used for handling and examination.
Flying Eagle Cent
A U.S. one-cent coin minted from 1856 to 1858, featuring an eagle in flight on the obverse and a wreath on the reverse.
Foreign Coin
A coin issued by a country other than one's own, often collected for its historical, cultural, or artistic significance.
Fractional Currency
Paper currency issued in denominations less than one dollar, often used during periods of economic instability or coin shortages.
Franklin Half Dollar
A U.S. half dollar coin minted from 1948 to 1963, featuring Benjamin Franklin on the obverse and the Liberty Bell on the reverse.
FS Numbers (i.e. FS-803)
The FS used here represents the initials of Bill Fivaz and J.T. Stanton, authors of the must-have reference, Cherrypicker's Guide to Rare Die Varieties of United States Coins, giving us Fivaz-Stanton Numbers.
Fugio Cent
The first official coinage issued by the United States, featuring a sundial and the motto "Mind Your Business."
Full Bands (Full Split Bands) (FB)
The term "Full Bands" (often abbreviated as "FB") in numismatic grading denotes a Mercury Dime or Roosevelt Dime with fully detailed horizontal bands on the fasces, indicating a sharp and high-quality strike.
Full Bell Lines (FL/FBL)
Full Bell Lines (FL or FBL) is a designation for Franklin Half Dollars indicating that the horizontal lines at the bottom of the Liberty Bell on the reverse side of the coin are fully visible, unbroken, and struck well. Post-mint scratches and dings can hinder a coin's ability to earn the Full Bell Lines (FBL) designation.
Full-Steps (FS)
"Full Steps" (FS) in numismatic grading refers to a Jefferson Nickel with fully detailed and unbroken steps at Monticello, showcasing a high level of strike and preservation.
FUN Show
The FUN Show, organized by Florida United Numismatists, is a premier event in the numismatic community, known for its significant scale and variety, featuring over 1500 dealers and attracting around 15,000 collectors. It sets the tone for the numismatic year each January in Orlando, offering extensive opportunities for buying, selling, and educational engagement through auctions and exhibits.
Gobrecht Dollar
A series of silver dollars minted from 1836 to 1839, named after its designer, Christian Gobrecht.
Gold Buffalo
A U.S. gold coin with a denomination of $50, featuring a Native American chief on the obverse and a buffalo on the reverse, minted from 2006 to present.
Gold Certificate
A type of paper currency issued by the United States government and backed by gold reserves held by the Treasury.
Gold Coinage Act
Legislation enacted by governments to regulate the production, distribution, and standardization of gold coins used as legal tender.
Gold Dollar
A U.S. one-dollar coin made of gold, minted from 1849 to 1889, featuring various designs including Liberty and Native American motifs.
Gold Eagle
A U.S. gold coin with a denomination of $10, featuring Liberty on the obverse and an eagle on the reverse, minted from 1795 to 1933.
Gold Fractional
Small-denomination gold coins, typically less than one dollar in value, minted for circulation or as currency substitutes.
Gold Half Eagle
A U.S. gold coin with a denomination of $5, featuring various designs including Liberty and Native American motifs, minted from 1795 to 1929.
Gold Indian Head
A U.S. gold coin featuring a Native American chief on the obverse and a standing eagle on the reverse, minted from 1908 to 1929.
Gold Krugerrand
A South African gold bullion coin, first minted in 1967, featuring a springbok antelope on the reverse and Paul Kruger on the obverse.
Gold Maple Leaf
A gold bullion coin issued by the Royal Canadian Mint, featuring a maple leaf design on the reverse and Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse.
Gold Nugget
A naturally occurring piece of native gold, often found in rivers or streams, used as a form of currency or collected for its rarity and beauty.
Gold Panda
A Chinese gold bullion coin issued by the People's Republic of China, featuring a panda design on the reverse and various images of the Temple of Heaven on the obverse.
Gold Quarter Eagle
A U.S. gold coin with a denomination of $2.50, featuring various designs including Liberty and Native American motifs, minted from 1796 to 1929.
Gold Reserve
A stockpile of gold held by governments, central banks, or financial institutions as a store of value or to back currency issued into circulation.
Gold Sovereign
British gold coin(s) with a denomination of one pound sterling, featuring various designs including St. George and the dragon, minted since 1817. Sovereigns contain 0.2355 Oz. of gold. Double Sovereigns contain double this amount.
Gold Standard
A monetary system in which the value of currency is directly linked to a specific quantity of gold, often used to stabilize economies and facilitate international trade.
Gold Trade Unit (GTU)
A unit of measurement used to assess the value of gold coins and bars based on their weight and purity, typically expressed in troy ounces or grams.
Grading (Coin Grading)
The process of evaluating a coin's condition and assigning it a grade based on a standardized scale. The leading grading services recognized by GreatCollections include PCGS, CAC, NGC and ANACS.
Grading Service
A company or organization that evaluates and grades coins based on their condition, authenticity, and other factors, providing certification and encapsulation services. The leading grading services recognized by GreatCollections include PCGS, CAC, NGC and ANACS. There are many "off-brand" or "third-rate" coin grading services which will routinely overgrade or misattribute coins; GreatCollections only offers coins from the leading grading services.
Graffiti
In numismatics, "graffiti" refers to any deliberate marks, scratches, or inscriptions added to a coin post-minting (sometimes intentionally), which usually diminishes its value and appeal to collectors.
GreatPhoto
GreatPhoto is the GreatCollections professional photography service for coins, providing high-resolution images that highlight luster, color, and detail for auctions. GreatPhoto images are taken by world renowned Numismatic Photographer Phil Arnold.
Hairlines
Thin, shallow scratches or lines on the surface of a coin, typically caused by mishandling or improper cleaning, affecting its appearance and grade.
Half Dime
A U.S. coin with a denomination of five cents, minted from 1794 to 1873, featuring various designs including Liberty and seated figures.
Half Dollar
A coin with a value equal to one-half of a dollar, typically featuring various designs and motifs depending on the issuing country.
Hammered Coin
A coin produced by striking a blank piece of metal (flan) between two dies using a hammer, typically used in ancient and medieval times.
Heraldic Eagle
A stylized depiction of an eagle used on U.S. coins, featuring a shield on its breast and holding arrows and an olive branch in its talons.
High Relief
A type of coin design featuring deeply sculpted or raised elements, often created using multiple strikes or specialized minting techniques.
High Relief And Ultra High Relief
High Relief and Ultra High Relief coins feature designs that are struck with greater depth and three-dimensionality than standard relief coins, offering enhanced detail and visual impact.
Hoard
A collection of coins or other valuables that have been intentionally buried or hidden, often discovered centuries later by archaeologists or treasure hunters.
Hobo Nickel
A coin that has been engraved with artistic designs (often Buffalo Nickels), often created by hobos during the Great Depression.
ICG
ICG (Independent Coin Graders) is a third-party grading service established in 1998. They thoroughly assess coins for authenticity and quality. While ICG is respected by many collectors, it is less widely recognized than some older, more established grading services. ICG coins can only be listed at GreatCollections with a $1 minimum bid (ie. unreserved).
Incuse
A design or inscription that is impressed or sunk into the surface of a coin, as opposed to being raised or relief.
Indian Head Cent
A U.S. one-cent coin minted from 1859 to 1909, featuring a Native American on the obverse and various designs on the reverse.
Inflation
The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, eroding the purchasing power of currency over time.
Ingot
A bar or block of precious metal, typically gold or silver, often used as a form of currency, investment, or industrial input.
Intrinsic Value
The inherent value of a coin based on its metal content, independent of its face value.
Investment Grade
Coins considered suitable for investment purposes due to their rarity, condition, or historical significance, often sought after by collectors and investors.
Jefferson Nickel
A U.S. five-cent coin featuring President Thomas Jefferson on the obverse and Monticello on the reverse, minted since 1938.
Judd Pattern
Experimental or trial coins struck using new designs, alloys, or minting techniques, often produced in limited quantities for evaluation or testing.
Junk Coin
A coin with little or no collector value, often sold for its intrinsic metal value rather than its numismatic worth.
Junk Silver
U.S. coins minted before 1965 containing silver, often collected for their bullion value rather than their numismatic value.
Kennedy Half Dollar
A U.S. half dollar coin featuring President John F. Kennedy on the obverse and the presidential seal on the reverse, minted since 1964.
Key Date
A coin with a low mintage or other significant rarity factor, often considered desirable by collectors and investors.
Kookaburra
A series of silver coins issued by the Perth Mint in Australia, featuring a kookaburra bird on the reverse and Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse.
Krause Catalog
A comprehensive reference guide for world coins, officially known as "Standard Catalog of World Coins" by Chester L. Krause and Clifford Mishler.
Large Cent
A U.S. one-cent coin minted from 1793 to 1857, featuring various designs including Liberty and Native American motifs.
Legal Tender
Currency issued by a government or central bank that is recognized as a medium of exchange and accepted for payment of debts, taxes, and other obligations.
Liberty Head
A design motif featuring the allegorical figure of Liberty, often depicted wearing a crown or Phrygian cap, used on various U.S. coins.
Liberty Seated
A design motif featuring the allegorical figure of Liberty seated on a rock, used on various U.S. coins including dimes, quarters, and half dollars designed by Mint engraver Christian Gobrecht.
Lincoln Cent
A U.S. one-cent coin featuring President Abraham Lincoln on the obverse and various designs on the reverse, minted since 1909.
Long Beach Coin Expo
The Long Beach Coin, Currency, Stamp, and Sports Collectible Expo is a major event held at the Long Beach Convention Center, showcasing a wide range of collectibles including coins, stamps, sports memorabilia, and more. Established in 1964, it's one of the longest-standing collectibles shows on the West Coast and features over 400 dealers. The expo provides a platform for enthusiasts to buy, sell, view, and discuss various items, and it includes features like a treasure hunt for young numismatists, onsite grading, and expert meetings. The event is scheduled for several dates throughout the year, with upcoming expos planned for June and September 2024.
Mercury Dime
A U.S. ten-cent (10C) coin minted from 1916 to 1945, featuring a winged Liberty Head on the obverse and a fasces on the reverse.
Mint Bag
A bag used by the mint to transport and store coins, typically made of canvas or other durable materials.
Mint Condition
The state of a coin that has never been in circulation and retains its original mint luster and surface quality.
Mint Error (Error Coins)
An irregularity or mistake that occurs during the minting process, resulting in a coin with unusual characteristics or features.
Mint State (MS)
A grading term used to describe a coin that has never been in circulation and retains its original mint luster and surface quality.
Morgan Dollar
A U.S. silver dollar coin minted from 1878 to 1904 and again in 1921, featuring Lady Liberty on the obverse and an eagle on the reverse.
Mount Removed (Ex-Jewelry)
"Mount Removed" indicates that a coin was previously set in a piece of jewelry or other mounting and has been detached, often leaving marks or damage that can affect its collectability and value.
MyCollect
MyCollect is a new, free social media platform designed for coin collectors, enabling them to interact, manage collections, and access TheftCheck—a comprehensive database of stolen certified coins. It supports multiple certification services, allowing users to incorporate various certified coins into competitive MyCollect sets.
NGC
Numismatic Guaranty Corporation, one of the leading third-party coin grading services, providing authentication, grading, and encapsulation services.
Nickel
A silvery-white metal used in the production of coins, often alloyed with copper to increase durability and resistance to corrosion.
Numismatic
Relating to the study or collection of coins, paper currency, tokens, and related objects, often pursued as a hobby or investment.
Obverse
The front or heads side of a coin, typically featuring a portrait, emblem, or other design representing the issuing authority.
Original CACG Details Label
An earlier label of CACG that notes their Registry Set score for a details-graded coin. CACG discontinued printing the Registry Set score after a few weeks, although the score will still display on the CACG website for all details-graded coins.
Ounce
A unit of weight used to measure precious metals, with one troy ounce equal to approximately 31.1035 grams.
PCGS (Professional Coin Grading Service)
Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS), one of the leading third-party coin grading services founded by David Hall, providing authentication, grading, and encapsulation services. They are based close to GreatCollections in Orange County, California.
Peace Dollar
The Peace Dollar, minted from 1921 to 1935, is a U.S. coin that commemorates the peace following World War I, featuring Lady Liberty on the obverse and an eagle at rest on the reverse.
Penny
A denomination of coin, typically worth one cent or the smallest unit of currency in various countries.
Planchet
A blank metal disc used for the production of coins, typically composed of copper, silver, gold, or other alloys.
PNG (Professional Numismatists Guild)
The Professional Numismatists Guild (PNG) is an organization of reputable coin dealers who adhere to a strict code of ethics to promote trust and integrity within the numismatic community.
Position A vs B on Modern Dollar Coins
"Position A" describes a scenario in which, when the portrait side faces upward, the edge lettering appears upside down. Conversely, "Position B" denotes that, with the portrait side facing upward, the edge lettering reads in the proper orientation.
Prefix
In numismatic grading, a prefix refers to a letter or series of letters that precede the numerical grade of a coin. In coin grading, "MS" (Mint State) indicates a coin is uncirculated, such as an "MS-70" coin is in perfect condition. Another prefix, "PR" or "PF" (Proof), signifies a coin struck with a unique coin die. Specimens, which are struck for special purposes are designated on certified coins as SP, ie. SP-69 or SP-70.
Proof (PR)
A coin struck using specially prepared dies and planchets, producing a high-quality specimen with mirror-like surfaces and sharp details.
Proof Coin
Specially minted coins with highly polished dies, often made for collectors and featuring mirror-like surfaces.
Purity
The fineness or proportion of precious metal in a coin or bullion item, often expressed as a percentage or parts per thousand.
PVC Damage (Environmental Damage)
PVC damage occurs when coins are stored in materials containing polyvinyl chloride, leading to a greenish film and potential corrosion that can significantly detract from the coin's value and appearance.
Quarter
A coin with a value equal to one-fourth of a dollar, also used to describe 25-cent coins in various currencies.
Quarter Eagle
A U.S. gold coin with a face value of $2.50, minted from 1796 to 1929 and featuring various designs including Liberty and Indian motifs.
Queen's Beast
A series of bullion coins issued by the Royal Mint in the United Kingdom, featuring various heraldic beasts associated with the British monarchy.
Red Book
A popular guidebook for U.S. coin collectors, officially known as "A Guide Book of United States Coins" by R.S. Yeoman.
Registry Set
A Registry Set is a collection of coins registered with a numismatic certification service that tracks and compares sets of coins owned by collectors, often based on factors like rarity, condition, and completeness, to encourage competition and recognition among collectors.
Repunched Date
A repunched date on a coin occurs when the date is stamped onto the coin die multiple times with slight misalignment, resulting in a date with overlapping or doubled features that collectors often seek for their rarity.
Repunched Mint (RPM)
A repunched mint mark occurs when a mint mark on a coin die is struck more than once and not perfectly aligned, resulting in overlapping or doubled images of the mark, a phenomenon often prized by collectors for its rarity and uniqueness.
Restrike
A coin struck using original dies at a later date, often to meet demand or satisfy collectors, but not intended for circulation. Also sometimes dies are recreated for commemorative restrikes.
Reverse
The back or tails side of a coin, typically featuring a different design or emblem than the obverse.
Rim
The raised edge or border of a coin, designed to protect the main design elements from wear and damage.
Rim Damage
Rim damage refers to any physical harm along the outer edge of a coin, which can result from mishandling or circulation, potentially affecting the coin's grade and overall collector value.
Saint-Gaudens
The Saint-Gaudens Double Eagle, named after its designer Augustus Saint-Gaudens, is an iconic $20 gold coin produced by the United States Mint from 1907 to 1933, renowned for its high relief and intricate design featuring Liberty striding forward with a torch and olive branch.
Scratch
A mark or abrasion on the surface of a coin, typically caused by contact with another object or rough handling.
Set
A collection of coins, often assembled according to a specific theme, series, or period, and presented together as a unit.
Sheldon Scale
The Sheldon Scale, ranging from 1 to 70, is a numerical system used by numismatists to grade the condition of coins, where a higher number indicates a coin better condition.
Silver Coin
A coin primarily made of silver, valued for its metal content and historical significance.
Silver Eagle
A U.S. silver bullion coin with a face value of $1, minted since 1986 and featuring Walking Liberty on the obverse and an eagle on the reverse.
Slab
A hard plastic holder used to encapsulate and protect coins, often used by third-party grading services to authenticate and grade coins.
Slide Marks
Slide marks on coins are superficial scratches or abrasions that occur when a coin is slid across a surface or comes into repeated contact with other objects, potentially diminishing its grade, value, and potentially its ability to receive a numerical grade.
Specimen (Graded as SP)
A Specimen (SP) coin refers to a numismatic piece struck with a special process that differs from regular production, often resulting in a higher quality finish, intended for collectors rather than general circulation. These can be graded SP-70, for example, which refers to Specimen-70. In modern times, the SP coins are usually sold by the U.S. Mint direct to collectors.
In classic coins, the grading services sometimes designate Specimen/SP for coins they consider struck for presentation purposes or those that have a special finish. Some Specimens sell for big premiums, especially those graded by PCGS/CAC. NGC has a lower threshold for classic coins they designate as Specimen, as may not command as much of a premium.
In classic coins, the grading services sometimes designate Specimen/SP for coins they consider struck for presentation purposes or those that have a special finish. Some Specimens sell for big premiums, especially those graded by PCGS/CAC. NGC has a lower threshold for classic coins they designate as Specimen, as may not command as much of a premium.
Stickers/Labels Recognized by GreatCollections
There are dozens of different kinds of stickers/labels applied to certified coins. At GreatCollections, we recognize the major stickering services, including CAC and Eagle Eye Photo Seal, as well as the variety attribution service VSS.
For coins consigned to us with stickers/labels that we do not recognize, the stickers/labels will be removed prior to listing in auction.
Suffix
In numismatic grading, a suffix refers to a letter or series of letters that follow the numerical grade of a coin, often denoting a physical feature of the coins strike or condition. In copper, examples would be RD (Red), RB (Red-Brown), and Brown (Brown), referring to the color. Another example would be "FB", indicating the coin has full-split-bands.
T after Grade on NGC Labels
In the early 2000s, NGC trialed adding a "T" after the numerical grade on a label to denote that the coin is toned. This was discontinued after a short period, and there are collectors specifically looking for coins graded by NGC with the "T" showing (as well as "W" for coins without toning). These appear in GreatCollections auctions on a regular basis.
Token
A coin-like object issued by private entities or businesses for use as currency or as a promotional item.
Toning (Toned)
The natural discoloration or patina that forms on the surface of a coin over time, caused by oxidation and environmental factors.
Type
A classification system for coins based on their design, composition, and other characteristics, used to categorize and organize collections.
Type Coin
A type coin represents a particular design or series within a broader collection of coins, often collected to represent the variety of designs produced over time rather than focusing on specific dates or mint marks.
Ultra Cameo
A designation used by third-party grading services to describe coins with deeply frosted devices and mirror-like fields, creating a strong cameo effect.
Uncirculated
A coin that has never been used as currency and retains its original mint condition, denoted by a numerical grade of 60 and above.
US Mint
The United States Mint, the federal agency responsible for producing circulating coinage for the United States, as well as bullion and commemorative coins.
V Nickel
A U.S. five-cent coin minted from 1883 to 1913, featuring a design with the Roman numeral V on the reverse.
VAM
Variety Attribution for Morgan & Peace Dollars, a comprehensive guide that was written to find the various die varieties and characteristics found on silver dollars.
Variety
A distinct version of a coin caused by differences in design, minting errors, or other factors.
W after Grade on NGC Labels
In the early 2000s, NGC trialed adding a "W" after the numerical grade on a label to denote that the coin is not toned - and is "White". This was discontinued after a short period, and there are collectors specifically looking for coins graded by NGC with the "W" showing (as well as "T" for coins with toning). These appear in GreatCollections auctions on a regular basis.
Walking Liberty
A design motif featured on various U.S. coins, including the half dollar and silver bullion coins, depicting Liberty walking towards the sun.
Wheat Cent
The same as a Lincoln Cent (Penny) is a U.S. one-cent coin issued from 1909 to 1958 featuring two ears of wheat on the reverse side.
Wire Edge
A type of coin edge characterized by a thin, raised wire rim, typically found on early U.S. gold coins and certain commemorative issues.
XF
Extra Fine, a grading term used to describe a coin with minor wear on the high points of the design, but with most of the original detail still visible.
XRF
X-ray fluorescence, a non-destructive analytical technique used in numismatics to determine the composition of coins and detect counterfeit materials.
Year Set
A collection of coins representing a specific year, often issued by mints or sold as sets by collectors.
Yoke
The part of a coin press that applies pressure to the planchet or blank disc to strike the design onto its surface.
Zinc Coin
A coin primarily made of zinc, often used for lower denomination coins due to its cost-effectiveness.
Zincoln
A colloquial term used to refer to Lincoln cents minted after 1982, which are composed primarily of zinc with a thin copper coating.
X